What is intrauterine insemination (IUI)?
Artificial insemination or intrauterine insemination (IUI) involves inserting the male partner’s (or donor’s) concentrated sperm sample through cervix and into the cavity of the uterus, just at the perfect time before ovulation.
Who is IUI suitable for?
IUI is often recommended when using donor sperm, in the setting of sexual difficulties, or for unexplained infertility as a less effective but also less invasive intervention.
Artificial insemination using a sperm donor is an option for single women or same sex and gender diverse couples.
In some situations when sperm was frozen, for example, prior to a male partner’s chemotherapy treatment or long-term travel, IUIs can be used for the purpose of conception.
IUI step by step process
There are several methods to carry out this treatment.
- During a natural cycle, which is performed in sync with the woman’s regular menstrual cycle and involves no medication.
- Using hormonal stimulation (ovulation induction). This method stimulates the ovaries using oral medications (Such as Letrozole) or injections (such as follicle-stimulating hormones) in order to initiate or control ovulation.
If appropriate, we'll discuss the best approach in your circumstances.
- The woman’s cycle is monitored to determine the day of ovulation – this is often referred to as ‘cycle tracking’. Once the follicle is mature, ovulation is triggered by an injection of synthetic human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
- The sperm sample is analysed and washed to concentrate the number of mobile sperm. This prepared sperm is then inserted directly into the uterine cavity using a very thin catheter.
There is no need to miss time from work after the procedure, and the discomfort level is comparable to that of a pap smear.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between IUI and IVF?
IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) is a less invasive and more natural fertility treatment where washed sperm is inserted directly into the uterus. IVF involves retrieving eggs, fertilizing them in a lab, and then transferring embryos back to the uterus. IUI is typically more affordable and simpler, but less effective for certain fertility conditions.
Is IUI painful or does it require anesthesia?
No. The IUI procedure is minimally uncomfortable, often compared to a routine pap smear. It’s performed in a clinic setting and does not require anesthesia or downtime, so patients can resume their day immediately after. Sedation can be offered to patient who experience sever Vaginismus and can not tollerate any vaginal procedures.
How is the timing of IUI determined?
Timing is critical for IUI. The clinic monitors your ovulation cycle through ultrasounds and hormone testing. When ovulation is imminent, an HCG trigger injection may be administered to ensure the egg is released, allowing precise scheduling of the insemination.
What is “sperm washing” and why is it necessary?
Sperm washing is a lab process where seminal fluid is removed, and highly motile sperm are concentrated. This ensures that only the healthiest, most mobile sperm are used, which increases the chances of successful fertilization and reduces uterine cramping or reactions to seminal fluid.
How many IUI cycles are typically recommended?
Success rates per cycle vary based on age, health, and fertility issues, but cumulative success increases with multiple cycles, especially when ovulation is properly managed. A decision on how many attempts are appropriate should be made with your fertility specialist.
Can IUI be used by single women or same-sex female couples?
Yes. IUI is an excellent option for:
• Single women using donor sperm
• Same-sex female couples wishing to conceive using a sperm donor
• Individuals or couples with sexual dysfunction or sperm stored due to medical needs
Is medication always necessary during an IUI cycle?
Not always. IUI can be done:
• In a natural cycle (no medication, synced with the woman’s natural ovulation)
• With ovulation induction, using oral medication or injections to improve ovulation timing and egg production
The best approach is chosen based on the patient’s fertility profile and medical history.